Assessment of Four Plant-Derived Extracts as Potential Control Agents Against Varroa destructor with Safety Evaluation in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
This study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of extracts from Salvia officinalis (SO), Marrubium vulgare (MV), Ruta graveolens (RG), and Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) against Varroa destructor, together with their acute toxicity to Apis mellifera. The extracts were characterized for their phenolic content and antioxidant...