Open access
Aug 2026
PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy has benefited some PML patients, but reasons for its variable outcomes are unclear. Usi...
Arrienne B. Butic, E. Afanasiev, Samantha A. Spencer et al.
· Nature Communications · 0 citations