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Andrea Zanette

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Training Small Language Models for Transferable Tool Selection

As LLM agents operate over corpora of more than ten thousand tools, selecting the right tool for a complex multi-step user instruction becomes a central bottleneck. Tool descriptions cannot all fit in context, and relevance-based retrievers only rank tools without knowing which are actually needed. Recent work instead...

Zhao-Yi Zhou, Akshayaa Magesh, Jeongyeol Kwon et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Training Language Models to Fail Gracefully

Reinforcement learning makes language models better at solving tasks, but the same mechanism also rewards guessing. When success is the only way to earn reward, opting for a safe fallback is always worse than a long-shot attempt. When a wrong action can corrupt a database or ship broken code, that incentive can be cost...

Daman Arora, Xue-Chen Liu, H. Singh et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SLVR: Structured Latent Visual Reasoning via Human-like Reasoning Flows

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often answer visual reasoning questions by relying on linguistic priors rather than task-relevant visual evidence. Textual chain-of-thought reasoning can partially mitigate this issue by encouraging models to decompose visual questions into intermediate evidence-seeking steps, b...

Albert Gao, Bing Xue, Andrea Zanette · 0 citations

Message Passing Enables Efficient Reasoning

message Passing Language Models, a framework for LLM reasoning in which threads communicate directly via lightweight send and receive primitives, and shows that appropriately prompted large pre-trained models follow the MPLM protocol, achieving competitive results on long-context question answering relative to popular...

Xue-Chen Liu, Daman Arora, Gokul Swamy et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Schema: Discovering Unknown Environments via Agentic Program Induction

Learning to complete tasks in unfamiliar environments with unknown rules remains a key challenge for LLM agents. Current LLM agents often record their discoveries in prose, which may not provide a compact, explicit account of how the environment works. Inspired by how scientists organize observations into testable, pre...

Guan-Ning Zeng, Jia-Ni Wang, Wenjie Ma et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Harness Learning Enables Generalizable Test-Time Adaptation

A language-model agent is jointly defined by its model and its harness, the executable program that organizes model calls, tool use, and information flow. Because different tasks call for different ways of organizing these operations, the harness needs to be adapted using feedback from the task at hand. We introduce ha...

Alvin Zhang, Xue-Chen Liu, Zi-Xuan Wang et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Sep 2026

Tail-Likelihood Reinforcement Learning

Tail-Likelihood Reinforcement Learning (TailRL), which maximizes the log-probability of exceeding a randomly chosen reward threshold, which gives more weight to rare, high-reward rollouts and can be interpreted as a mixture of Best-of-k gradients.

Shrinivas Ramasubramanian, Daman Arora, Fahim Tajwar et al. · 2 citations

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