Alina Uifălean

Beyond Creatinine: D-Amino Acids as Emerging Indicators of Kidney Function and Disease

Despite decades of clinical use, serum creatinine and cystatin C remain imperfect indicators of kidney function, being influenced by muscle mass, age, sex, and inflammation and often showing limited sensitivity to early renal injury. D-amino acids (D-AAs), once largely regarded as by-products of microbial metabolism, h...