Development and internal validation of machine-learning models to predict adverse pathological features in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative staging and identification of adverse pathological features in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remain contemporary challenges. We aimed to develop and internally validate machine-learning (ML) models to predict muscle-invasive (≥pT2) and lymph node positive (pN+) disease using p...