Ahmad Abubakar Umar

Analysis and Numerical Simulation of an Sveirs–Sei Malaria Model with Waning Natural and Vaccine-Induced Immunity

Malaria remains a major public-health challenge despite sustained vector-control, treatment, and vaccination efforts. This study formulates and analyzes an eight-compartment SVEIRS–SEI human–mosquito malaria transmission model that explicitly incorporates waning naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity.  The bas...