Three-Dimensional Titanium Substrates with Anodic TiO2 Layers for Enhanced Time-Dependent Corrosion Protection in Biomedical Environments
Enhancing the performance of titanium biomaterials remains a critical challenge in the development of durable implant materials, particularly under complex physiological conditions where corrosion processes are influenced by interactions with biological species. Electrochemical oxidation has emerged as a promising appr...