Designing Cooperative Frameworks for Higher Education: The Structural Evaluation of the TIM-IGIS Prototype in Enhancing Preservice Teachers' Conceptual Learning Outcomes
The structural design, expert validation, and empirical evaluation of the Tim-based Interactive Game and Interpretation Strategy (TIM-IGIS) cooperative learning model prototype indicate that it offers a robust, structurally balanced framework for promoting deep conceptual understanding and active collaboration in teacher training programs.