This exploratory study evaluated whether partial replacement of sucrose with inulin was associated with differences in the proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles of gelatin capsule waste gel fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. A sucrose-based Control and an INU-50 formulation, in which 50% of sucrose was replaced with inulin, were compared using parallel proteomic, untargeted metabolomic, and untargeted lipidomic profiling. The Control and INU-50 groups separated clearly across all datasets. Proteomic analysis identified four proteins with higher abundance in the INU-50 formulation, including proteins putatively associated with carbohydrate transport, pentose phosphate metabolism, purine biosynthesis, and translation-related functions. Untargeted metabolomics detected 1885 molecular features, among which 426 differential features with putative metabolite annotations were identified in the original exploratory analysis. These features were mainly linked to carbohydrate metabolism, sugar interconversion, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, cofactor metabolism, and intermediary carbon pathways. Untargeted lipidomics detected 6005 lipid-related molecular features, including 563 differential features with putative annotations, associated with fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid-related compounds, cardiolipin-related species, ceramide-associated molecules, and secondary metabolite-linked lipid features. Integrated analysis indicated that the observed protein abundance patterns and extracellular molecular features were associated with differences between the two fermented formulations. These findings provide an exploratory molecular dataset describing associations between inulin fortification and complementary omics profiles during gelatin capsule waste fermentation. Because non-fermented controls and targeted validation were not included, mechanistic interpretation should be considered cautiously.
Passakorn Kingwascharapong, A. Uchuwittayakul· Food Chemistry: Molecular Sc...· 0 citations
Bacterial diseases caused by Flavobacterium covae (Fc), Vibrio harveyi (Vh), Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Photobacterium damselae (Pd) seriously constrain Asian seabass aquaculture. Here we dissect the mucosal immune mechanisms engaged by a five-month sequential vaccination strategy that combines nanoemulsion immersion priming with multivalent oral hydrogel boosting. Juvenile seabass were vaccinated, then challenged with F. covae by freshwater immersion and with a Vibrio–Photobacterium (Vh/Vv/Pd) mix by immersion or intraperitoneal injection. Gills were sampled after immersion challenges and intestine after injection, and profiled by RNA sequencing and label-free quantitative proteomics, with selected genes validated by RT-qPCR. Principal component analysis showed clear separation of vaccinated and control fish in all tissues and challenges, indicating a strong and coherent transcriptional reprogramming. Vaccination markedly increased the number of upregulated genes, with Gene Ontology enrichment revealing dominant signatures of ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, lysosomal organization and immune response. KEGG analysis highlighted cytokine receptor interaction; NOD and Toll-like receptor signaling; oxidative phosphorylation; and phagosome, lysosome and cell adhesion molecule pathways, consistent with heightened antimicrobial readiness. Volcano plots and focused heatmaps showed strong induction of interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines and chemokine receptors, complement components, macrophage mannose receptor, epithelial barrier mediators and numerous immunoglobulin transcripts, with tissue- and challenge-specific patterns. Proteomics corroborated these trends, demonstrating a higher abundance of immunoglobulin heavy chains, complement proteins, cathepsins, heat shock and redox chaperones, ribosomal proteins and cytoskeletal and adhesion regulators in vaccinated mucosae. Integrated pathway mapping linked endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte integrins with T cell costimulation networks and an intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin production, including enhanced pIgR-mediated transcytosis. Overall, the sequential vaccination regimen was associated with coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic signatures related to epithelial responses, innate immunity, and humoral immune functions across gill and intestinal tissues. These molecular patterns were accompanied by improved survival following bacterial challenge; however, the present data do not directly demonstrate the functional activity of the inferred immune mechanisms in Asian seabass.
Chatchai Rodwihok, Kim D. Thompson, Pakapon Meachasompop et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 0 citations
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