Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinsons etc., are progressive and debilitating conditions that have little therapeutic intervention. Existing pharmacological interventions mainly provide symptomatic relief and do not respond to the pathophysiology of these diseases, which is complex and multifactorial and includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. The synthesis of emerging evidence regarding the neuroprotective efficacy of phytotherapy is presented in this review, and the focus is on such traditional medicinal plants as Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, and Centella asiatica. These botanicals have multi-target actions via bioactive compounds, such as bacosides, withanolides, and curcuminoids, that modulate cholinergic function and counteract the aggregation of amyloid beta residues, as well as support the integrity of mitochondria. The advanced delivery systems, like nano-formulations, are also highlighted in the review to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Along with pharmacological processes, integrative approaches that involve the use of phytotherapy, along with lifestyle changes and conventional medicine, are considered. Finally, this holistic model will help to shift phytotherapy to a primary approach to slowing neurodegeneration and enhancing the quality of life. The future directions are the clinical validation, standardization of compounds, and integration into personalized medicine models.
Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav, A. Singh et al.· Current Pharmaceutical Biote...· 0 citations
Breast cancer is also one of the most common causes of cancerrelated
deaths in the world, and this is mainly because of the therapeutic resistance and
immune evasion mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. An immunosuppressive
tumor microenvironment, characterized by dysfunctional immune cells and stromal impediments,
limits the efficacy of traditional treatments. The strategies of modulating the
tumor immune microenvironment using nanoparticles have become promising in improving
the outcome of immunotherapies.
A structured narrative review was conducted to evaluate the current
evidence on nanoparticle-mediated immune modulation in breast cancer. A comprehensive
literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases
to identify relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies included
mechanistic, preclinical (in vitro and in vivo), and clinical investigations examining
nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic approaches and their effects on the breast cancer
tumor immune microenvironment.
Nanoparticle-based systems, such as lipid-, polymeric-, inorganic-, and biomimetic
systems, can be used to deliver therapeutic agents that target key immune components,
including tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and Cytotoxic T
Lymphocytes (CTLs)s. These systems increase antigen presentation and (ICD), which can
be used to boost anti-tumor immune responses. Nonetheless, clinical translation remains
inadequate due to tumor heterogeneity, transport barriers mediated by the extracellular
matrix (ECM), variable delivery efficiency, and safety concerns.
Immunomodulatory strategies using nanoparticles enable immune reprogramming
and enhance therapeutic targeting in the tumor microenvironment. Although
promising preclinical results have been obtained, clinical use is limited due to variable
intratumoral distribution, non-uniform immune interactions, and the lack of standardized
assessment systems. These issues need to be addressed to enhance translational success.
Nanoparticle-mediated immune modulation is a prospective approach to
overcome immunosuppression in breast cancer. Future studies must aim to design nanoparticles
that maximize tumor uptake, incorporate predictive biomarkers, and optimize
clinical utility and therapeutic efficacy.
A. Singh, Shatrudhan Prajapati, Shikha Yadav et al.· Current Pharmacogenomics and...· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
