Novel Intranasal Influenza-Vectored Vaccine Corfluvec Provides Protection Against Influenza and COVID-19, Mitigating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Lung Vascular Damage
Introduction: The development of bivalent mucosal vaccines capable of providing protection against both influenza and SARS-CoV-2 is a major public health focus. While most COVID-19 vaccines target the spike (S) protein, the highly conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein represents a strategic target for cross-reactive, cell-mediated immunity. This study evaluates Corfluvec, an intranasal vaccine candidate based on an attenuated NS1-truncated influenza vector expressing a fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Methods: Protective efficacy, including viral load and pathomorphological changes in the lungs and vessels, was evaluated in Syrian hamsters challenged with high and low doses of SARS-CoV-2 (lineage B.1.1). Cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza A strains (H1N1pdm09, H3N2, and A/PR/8/1934) was tested in a lethal murine model. Additionally, immunogenicity of Corfluvec applied via human-compatible delivery device was tested in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Results: In Syrian hamsters, vaccination significantly reduced viral loads in the lungs and nasal turbinates. Histopathological analysis revealed a preservation of lung vascular integrity: vaccinated animals showed stable CD31 expression and controlled Ki-67 proliferative activity, accompanied by a marked reduction in vasculitis and perivascular edema compared to placebo controls. In mice, the vaccine provided 100% protection against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. In macaques, the two-dose intranasal immunization was well-tolerated and induced significant systemic IgG and mucosal sIgA responses, alongside robust N-specific IFNγ+ T-cell activation. Conclusions: Corfluvec is a promising bivalent vaccine candidate that provides dual protection against influenza and COVID-19. Its ability to limit viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract and to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary pathology, contributing to the preservation of lung vascular integrity, underscores the utility of mucosal immunization with Corfluvec as a valuable intranasal complement to current systemic vaccination strategies.