Maintaining accurate, georeferenced dense maps requires reliable global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations to constrain global drift. Degraded observations must be prevented from distorting trajectories and local maps as reception transitions from open sky to urban obstruction and complete signal denial i...
E. Muhammed, A. Shaker· Remote Sensing· 0 citations
This review presents an architecture-centered synthesis of LiDAR-based SLAM, covering LiDAR-only and LiDAR-inertial systems through a dual-axis, architecture-centered taxonomy, and highlights the field’s progression toward continuous-time estimation, semantic scene understanding, adaptive map representations, neural im...
E. Muhammed, A. Shaker· Italian National Conference...· 0 citations
The transition toward urban-scale digital twin and smart city management requires survey-grade 3D basemaps, yet conventional documentation remains time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. While Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) offers rapid 3D acquisition, capturing complex, GNSS-denied multi-story interiors frequently...
Mohamed H. Salaheldin, A. Shaker, Song-Nian Li· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
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