A. Mustafaeva

INVESTIGATION THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FERMENTATION PROCESS OF A COMBINED DAIRY MIXTURE USING BUTTERMILK CONCENTRATE

DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYCOMPONENT FAT EMULSION AND STUDY OF ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

This article focuses on the development of a polycomponent fat emulsion and the investigation of its physicochemical properties. The emulsion exhibited a moderately acidic pH of 5.64 ± 0.12, indicating suitability for food applications and consistent structural stability. The structured lipid matrix, formed by rice bran wax and stabilized with chickpea flour, maintained emulsion integrity during storage at 4 °C. Water activity (aw) was measured at 0.947, reflecting a relatively high level of free moisture typical of oil-in-water food emulsions, emphasizing the need for proper storage conditions to ensure microbiological stability. Rheological analysis revealed shear-thinning behavior, with apparent viscosity decreasing from 83.43 to 29.60 mPa·s as rotational speed increased, demonstrating progressive disruption of internal interactions under stress. Color and oil binding capacity measurements confirmed a visually uniform and stable system. Overall, the emulsion combines improved lipid composition with desirable technological properties and has potential as a structured fat system or partial animal fat replacer in various food products. Further studies will investigate the possibility of using this emulsion as a partial animal fat replacer in cooked sausage products.

DETERMINATION OF THE THERMAL POWER OF A SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR EFFICIENT DRYING OF CORN

The article presents the results of an investigation of the corn drying process using an experimental drying unit based on an air-type solar collector. Thermotechnical experiments were conducted, including measurements of air flow velocity and monitoring of changes in corn moisture content during the drying process. In addition, the structural and operational characteristics of the solar heliocollector were analyzed, and solar radiation indicators in the experimental area were studied, which made it possible to assess the level of available solar energy and its influence on air heating efficiency. The study allowed the thermal power of the air collector to be determined, the temperature distribution along its length to be evaluated, and optimal operating parameters of the system to be established. It was found that the use of solar heating provides a significant reduction in energy consumption for corn drying, increases the energy efficiency of the process, and promotes the sustainable use of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations, enabling refinement of heat and moisture transfer kinetics within the corn layer. The obtained results can be applied in the design and improvement of solar drying systems for agricultural products and in substantiating rational drying regimes under conditions of variable solar radiation and natural ventilation.