Grass diversity of Keonjhar Forest Division, Odisha and its Ecological significance
Grass species play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability, biodiversity conservation and supporting wildlife in forest ecosystems. The present study documents the diversity of grass species recorded from the Keonjhar Forest Division of Odisha and evaluates their ecological significance. A comprehensive assessment of grass flora revealed numerous species belonging to different genera, each contributing uniquely to ecosystem functioning through soil stabilization, habitat formation, fodder provision and ecological restoration. Several species, such as Chrysopogon zizanioides, Heteropogon contortus and Saccharum spontaneum, play an important role in erosion control and soil conservation, while others provide essential fodder resources for herbivores and wildlife, including Asian elephants, barking deer and various bird species. Certain grasses also support aquatic ecosystems and act as pioneer species in disturbed habitats. However, invasive species like Cenchrus pedicellatus may threaten native vegetation and require management. The findings highlight the ecological importance of grass diversity in maintaining forest ecosystem functions and emphasize the need for conservation and sustainable management of grasslands in Keonjhar Forest Division.