Open access
Jul 2026
Comparative Study of LSTM, GRU, and CNN-Based Hybrid Models for Short-Term Load Forecasting
The results indicate that GRU consistently achieves the best performance in terms of mean absolute percentage error, whereas CNN-RNN hybrid models show sensitivity to the depth of architecture and choice of activation function.
Muath E. Alharbi, Sreerama Kumar, A. Milyani
· European Journal of Engineer... · 0 citations