Ecological and biological assessment of the state of soils and vegetation cover of the closed municipal solid waste landfill in Kokshetau
The ecological state of a closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Kokshetau, operated from 1960 to 2017 and lacking engineered protective systems, was assessed with a focus on heavy metal contamination and its effects on vegetation. Soil analysis revealed substantial exceedances of maximum permissible concentrat...