Author

A. Kraus

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Open access Jul 2026

Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery Education: Insights from Parallel Turkish and English Versions of a Board Examination

Background: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly pass medical board examinations and aid clinical knowledge retrieval and decision support; validating their specialist knowledge is a prerequisite for safe use. Two limitations weaken existing evidence: many studies reuse public questions that may be in training dat...

Ibrahim Güler, A. Kraus, Gerrit Grieb et al. · Applied Sciences · 0 citations

#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Burn Extent and Fitzpatrick Skin Tone Assessment from Clinical Photographs: Systematic and Random Error in Multimodal Large Language Models

Averaging repeated answers removes only the smaller, random component; the larger, systematic one persists and requires calibration against reference data before clinical use can be considered.

Ibrahim Güler, A. Kraus, Gerrit Grieb et al. · Bioengineering · 0 citations