Advancing Geriatric Dental Education: A Scoping Review of Barriers and Facilitators in Undergraduate Curricula
Background: Geriatric dentistry prepares dentists to care for an aging population. Yet, its integration into undergraduate curricula remains inconsistent. Objectives: To map evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of the implementation and development of undergraduate geriatric dental education. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for English-language original research articles published from 1 January 2016 onward. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts independently against eligibility criteria. Studies were included if they examined barriers and/or facilitators related to undergraduate geriatric dental education. Data were extracted independently and synthesized descriptively to identify themes and evidence gaps. No critical appraisal was performed. Results: This review identified 1376 studies and included 11 studies, including seven cross-sectional and four cohort studies. Barriers clustered into three themes: structural and workforce-related barriers (resource constraints and a lack of equipped/trained staff), curricular and regulatory barriers (overcrowded curricula and a lack of curriculum guidelines), and interprofessional and attitudinal barriers (limited interprofessional collaboration and negative attitudes among students and teaching staff towards older adults). Facilitators were grouped into three themes: pedagogical and experiential learning strategies (didactic teaching, clinical training, extramural exposure, simulation-based training, and communication training), curricular and policy enablers (integrated curricula and national guidelines), and institutional and faculty support (staff support). Conclusions: This review identifies the multifaceted, modifiable educational, institutional, and policy factors that influence the implementation and development of geriatric dental education. By consolidating the existing evidence, this review provides a foundation for curriculum development and policy planning to prepare graduates to deliver age-responsive oral healthcare.