A Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of the Liability of the Agent in Genetic Manipulation of Embryos
Today, due to significant advances in science, particularly in the field of genetic engineering, some individuals have not limited their use of genetics merely to gene correction, disease treatment, and therapy. Instead, they have gone further, utilizing genetic science to make alterations to their embryos based on personal desires and preferences, such as changing eye color, enhancing memory, determining gender, and more. In many cases, genetic manipulation of the embryo does not lead to the desired or expected outcome for the parents, and may even result in adverse effects, causing defects or abnormalities in the embryo. This article, using the library research method and referencing legal sources and scholarly opinions, examines the factors involved in genetic manipulation of embryos and the liability arising from such actions. The summary of the research suggests that genetic specialists, gynecologists, and laboratory staff, when acting based on customary standards, are liable for any damage caused to the embryo and must compensate for the harm. It is noteworthy that due to customary reliance, their responsibility may sometimes be determined as joint liability due to direct involvement, stronger causality, or the participation of all contributing factors.