Review
Open access
2026
The Influence of Top-Down Reading on Reading Difficulties and Reading Strategies
While reading and understanding texts, a reader experiences a complex cognitive process, which depends on prior knowledge and contextual clues to derive meaning. Though these top-down processing strategies are essential for fluent reading, many struggling readers may face challenges when applying these methods. This st...
Maisarah Noorezam, S. Iliyas, Siti Aishah Taib et al.
· International journal of res... · 0 citations