Nanostructured Ti–6Al–4V Reduces Adhesion of Several Bacterial Species: An In Vitro Study
It is demonstrated that NaOH‐etched Ti–6Al–4V surfaces can impair early microbial adhesion based on physical action and preserve osteoblast compatibility, providing a framework for topography‐driven surface design toward infection‐resistant orthopedic implants that support favorable early osteoblast–surface interactions.