CLOCK 3111T/C Polymorphism and Sex Moderate the Effect of Childhood Trauma on White Matter Microstructure in Bipolar Disorder
Background. Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by circadian rhythm disruptions, contributing to mood instability and recurrence. These rhythms are regulated by clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, including the CLOCK 3111T/C (rs1801260) polymorphism that has been linked to delayed sleep phase, insomnia, and...