Indole-3-acetic acid attenuates doxorubicin-induced liver injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and VEGF/FLT1 and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
Indole-3-acetic acid is identified as a promising adjunctive candidate for reducing hepatic adverse effects associated with DOX therapy, as evidenced by improvements in histopathological alterations, serum liver injury markers, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory mediators, and apoptotic markers.