1-Hydroxypyrene glucuronide and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine as complementary biomarkers bridging polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure to carcinogenic risk: Mechanistic and epidemiological perspectives
The combined assessment of urinary 1-OHPG and 8-OHdG strengthens biomonitoring by simultaneously evaluating internal PAH exposure and early molecular damage has the potential to improve environmental cancer risk assessment and support precision environmental health.