Diabetic Bone Disease and Fracture Healing: Molecular Mechanisms, Skeletal Fragility, and Emerging Orthopedic Therapeutic Strategies
Diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized as a disorder of skeletal quality in addition to metabolic dysregulation. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased fracture risk, impaired fracture healing, and higher rates of orthopedic complications despite preserved or even elevated bone mineral dens...