From Pathobiology to Prescribing in Obesity-Driven HFpEF: A Systematic Review and Practical Therapeutic Framework.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly driven by obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. In this phenotype, the dominant biology extends beyond congestion alone and includes visceral and epicardial adiposity, systemic inflammation, impaired myocardial energetics, endothelial dysfunction...